Desk 4

To understand the newest requirements under hence different family members activities out of gender character thinking emerged, we conducted a few mixed model ANOVAs and you may chi-squared research. Specifically, new analyses checked-out differences between the household groups badoo desktop when it comes to SES, parents’ time allocated to gendered domestic opportunities, parents’ go out invested which have youngsters, and also the gender constellation of one’s aunt dyad (see Tables cuatro and you may ? and5 5 ).

Table 5

Hypothesis 2(a) posited that parents in families characterized by more traditional gender role attitudes would have lower SES. A 3 (cluster) ? 2 (parent) mixed model ANOVA revealed a significant effect of cluster on mothers’ income, F(2, 352) = 5.07, p < .01, ? = .15, a trend-level effect of cluster on fathers' income, F(2, 352) = 2.19, p < .11, ? = .08, and a significant overall cluster effect, F(2, 352) = 6.29, p < .01, ? = .17. Tukey follow-up tests revealed that, consistent with our hypothesis, parents in both traditional and divergent families had significantly lower income than those in egalitarian families. Additionally, a 3 (cluster) ? 2 (parent) mixed model ANOVA focusing on mothers' and fathers' education revealed a significant effect of cluster on mothers' education, F(2, 355) = , p < .01, ? = .25, father's education, F(2, 355) = , p < .01, ? = .25, and an overall between cluster effect, F(2, 355) = , p < .01 ? = .29. Consistent with our expectation, a Tukey follow-up test revealed that parents in both the traditional and divergent families had significantly lower levels of education than parents in egalitarian families. Given these findings and a significant correlation between parents' education and family income, r = .51, p < .01, we created a composite SES score, combining family income and both parents' education levels by standardizing each score and summing them. This SES index was used as a control variable in all remaining analyses.

Hypothesis 2(b) posited that parents in families characterized by more traditional gender role attitudes would have a more traditional division of household labor. A 3 (cluster) ? 2 (parent) mixed model ANCOVA with parent as the within groups factor and SES as a control variable revealed a trend-level univariate cluster effect for mothers’ participation in household tasks, F(2, 336) = 2.51, p = .08, ? = .09, a significant cluster effect for fathers’ participation in household tasks, F(2, 336) = 4.07, p < .01, ? = .13, a significant overall parent effect, F(2, 336) = , p < .01, ? = .85, and a significant overall cluster ? Continue reading →